What's the difference between Form 1023 and Form 1023-EZ?

Form 1023 is the full, ~40-page exemption application with narratives, budgets, and schedules; it costs an $600 user fee. Form 1023-EZ is a streamlined online form for small organizations expecting $50,000 or less in annual gross receipts and $250,000 or less in assets, with a $275 user fee. Most small startups that qualify use the EZ; anything complex or larger uses the full 1023.

How long does 501(c)(3) approval take?

A Form 1023-EZ is often approved in a few weeks. The full Form 1023 typically takes several months, and complex applications can take longer. If the IRS approves you, exemption is generally retroactive to your formation date as long as you filed within 27 months of forming.

Do I have to file within a certain time after forming my nonprofit?

To get exemption retroactive to your date of formation, you generally must file the exemption application within 27 months of the end of the month in which you were legally formed. File later and exemption typically starts only from the postmark date of your application, leaving a taxable gap.

What do I have to do after I get approved?

Approval is the beginning, not the end. You must file an annual 990-series return every year, keep your activities within your exempt purpose, avoid private benefit and prohibited political campaign activity, pay tax on any unrelated business income, and follow your state's charitable-registration rules. Three missed annual filings cost you the exemption automatically.

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Nonprofit Tax Services

How to Apply for 501(c)(3) Status: Form 1023 vs. 1023-EZ

Getting federal tax-exempt status means clearing an eligibility bar, choosing the right application, and staying compliant after approval. The short form is faster — but only if you qualify.

SMAART Tax Team

February 18, 2026

5 min read

|Reviewed by Lisa Terrell, Enrolled Agent